2000 years Before Christ, in India and Mesopotamia
Travel for trade was an foremost highlight since the beginning of civilisation. The port at Lothal was an foremost centre of trade in the middle of the Indus valley civilisation and the Sumerian civilisation.
World Travel
600 Bc and thereafter
The earliest form of freedom tourism can be traced as far back as the Babylonian and Egyptian empires. A museum of historic antiquities was open to the group in Babylon. The Egyptians held many religious festivals that attracted the devout and many population who thronged to cities to see famous works of arts and buildings.
In India, as elsewhere, kings travelled for empire building. The Brahmins and the coarse population travelled for religious purposes. Thousands of Brahmins and the coarse folk thronged Sarnath and Sravasti to be greeted by the inscrutable smile of the Enlightened One- the Buddha.
500 Bc, the Greek civilisation
The Greek tourists travelled to sites of healing gods. The Greeks also enjoyed their religious festivals that increasingly became a chase of pleasure, and in particular, sport. Athens had come to be an foremost site for travellers visiting the major sights such as the Parthenon. Inns were established in large towns and seaports to furnish for travellers’ needs. Courtesans were the primary entertainment offered.
This era also saw the birth of trip writing. Herodotus was the worlds’ first trip writer. Guidebooks also made their appearance in the fourth century exterior destinations such as Athens, Sparta and Troy. Advertisements in the way of signs directing population to inns are also known in this period.
The Roman Empire
With no foreign borders in the middle of England and Syria, and with safe seas from piracy due to Roman patrols, the conditions favouring trip had arrived. First class roads coupled with staging inns (precursors of modern motels) promoted the increase of travel. Romans travelled to Sicily, Greece, Rhodes, Troy and Egypt. From 300 Ad trip to the Holy Land also became very popular. The Romans introduced their guidebooks (itineraria), listing hotels with symbols to identify quality.
Second homes were built by the rich near Rome, occupied primarily during springtime group season. The most fashionable resorts were found colse to Bay of Naples. Naples attracted the retired and the intellectuals, Cumae attracted the fashionable while Baiae attracted the down shop tourist, becoming noted for its rowdiness, drunkenness and all- night singing.
Travel and Tourism were to never attain a similar status until the modern times.
In the Middle Ages
Travel became difficult and risky as population travelled for enterprise or for a sense of obligation and duty.
Adventurers sought fame and fortune through travel. The Europeans tried to recognize a sea route to India for trade purposes and in this fashion discovered America and explored parts of Africa. Strolling players and minstrels made their living by performing as they travelled. Missionaries, saints, etc. Travelled to spread the sacred word.
Leisure trip in India was introduced by the Mughals. The Mughal kings built luxurious palaces and entertaining gardens at places of natural and scenic charm (for example Jehangir travelled to Kashmir drawn by its beauty.
Travel for empire building and pilgrimage was a quarterly feature.
The Grand Tour
From the early seventeenth century, a new form of tourism was developed as a direct outcome of the Renaissance. Under the reign of Elizabeth 1, young men seeking positions at court were encouraged to trip to continent to terminate their education. Later, it became original for instruction of gentleman to be completed by a ‘Grand Tour’ accompanied by a tutor and chronic for three or more years. While ostensibly educational, the delight seeking men travelled to enjoy life and culture of Paris, Venice or Florence. By the end of eighteenth century, the practice had come to be institutionalised in the gentry. Gradually delight trip displaced educational travel. The coming of Napoleonic wars inhibited trip for colse to 30 years and led to the decline of the practice of the Grand Tour.
The development of the spas
The spas grew in popularity in the seventeenth century in Britain and a tiny later in the European Continent as awareness about the therapeutic qualities of mineral water increased. Taking the cure in the spa rapidly acquired the nature of a status symbol. The resorts changed in character as delight became the motivation of visits. They became an foremost centre of group life for the high society.
In the nineteenth century they were gradually supplanted by the seaside resort.
The sun, sand and sea resorts
The sea water became linked with health benefits. The earliest visitors therefore drank it and did not bathe in it. By the early eighteenth century, small fishing resorts sprung up in England for visitors who drank and immersed themselves in sea water. With the overcrowding of inland spas, the new sea side resorts grew in popularity. The introduction of steamboat services in 19th century introduced more resorts in the circuit. The seaside resort gradually became a group meeting point
Role of the industrial revolution in promoting trip in the west
The rapid urbanisation due to industrialisation led to mass immigration in cities. These population were lured into trip to leave their environment to places of natural beauty, often to the countryside they had come from turn of disposition from a physically and psychologically stressful jobs to a slow pace in countryside.
Highlights of trip in the nineteenth century
· coming of railway initially catalysed enterprise trip and later freedom travel. gradually special trains were chartered to only take freedom trip to their destinations.
· box tours organised by entrepreneurs such as Thomas Cook.
· The European countries indulged in a lot of enterprise trip often to their colonies to buy raw material and sell complete goods.
· The invention of photography acted as a status-enhancing tool and promoted overseas travel.
· The formation of first hotel chains; pioneered by the railway companies who established great railway terminus hotels.
· Seaside resorts began to organize different images as for day-trippers, elite, for gambling.
· Other types of destinations-ski resorts, hill stations, mountaineering spots etc.
· The technological development in steamships promoted trip in the middle of North America and Europe.
· The Suez Canal opened direct sea routes to India and the Far East.
· The cult of the guidebook followed the development of photography.
Tourism in the Twentieth Century
The First World War gave first hand caress of countries and aroused a sense of curiosity about international trip among less well off sector for the first time. The large scale of migration to the Us meant a lot of trip over the Atlantic. Private motoring began to encourage domestic trip in Europe and the west. The sea side resort became annual house holiday destination in Britain and increased in popularity in other countries of the west. Hotels proliferated in these destinations.
The birth of air trip and after
The wars increased interest in international travel. This interest was given the shape of mass tourism by the aviation industry. The surplus of aircraft and increase of Private airlines aided the expansion of air travel. The aircraft had come to be comfortable, faster and steadily economy for overseas travel. With the introduction of Boeing 707 jet in 1958, the age of air trip for the masses had arrived. The beginning of chartered flights boosted the box tour shop and led to the preparation of organised mass tourism. The Boeing 747, a 400 seat craft, brought the cost of trip down sharply. The seaside resorts in the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Caribbean were the first hot spots of mass tourism.
A corresponding increase in hotel manufactures led to the preparation of world-wide chains. Tourism also began to diversify as population began to flock alternative destinations in the 70s. Nepal and India received a throng of tourists lured by Hare Krishna movement and transcendental meditation. The beginning of personel trip in a primary volume only occurred in the 80s. Air trip also led to a continuous increase in enterprise trip especially with the emergence of the Mncs.
History of voyage & Tourism
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